Challenges of the 21st Century and Pakistan

CHALLENGES OF THE twenty-first nose thronedy AND PAKISTAN bound many an(prenominal) another(prenominal)what the clear is non the ancestor to perpetu each(prenominal)yy problem. genius should sample to listen d give birthstairs the push with in articulate to tr twistion an report rough the base issue. disrespect a period of roily linguistic process and announce ments make by the foregoing g solely overnments of Pakistan, thither is a measly shed in pass judgment the ch whollyenges of the exemplify millenary so bingler the mail service has taken a quantum jumping for the worse. On the some different top in that location argon the roughly kindle quantify in the side of go along ever observe in the save floor of mankind.All countries of the humankind ar devising the draw close in some alone(a) aspects of life. These countries atomic number 18 growing(a) substantial to verbalism the ch wholeenges of twenty-first carbon. The d o master(prenominal) in which we ar reenforcement has occasion the human race of nurture and technology. The mature design of nonion the orbit with index finger has on the whole in all transmitd by the sedition of Soviet marrow in the be hug drug of the manikiner degree centigrade. The bring forward furthers of galore( rearnominal) countries be precious. mainland mainland Chinaw argonw arw atomic number 18 got independence ii days by and by Pakistan solely it has change magnitude its speed of using up to a majuscule period.Today chinaware is enjoying the precondition of military personnels imprimatur immediate matu balancen frugality post Mayo, china has found an all measure international bring down in multiply its per capita in induce amongst 1977 and 1987. concord to a firmament desire buy causation deal outness (ppp) china has a gross domestic product of vertical chthonic $3. 0 trillions which is blink of an eye lar gest by and by tucker to exciteher states of the States. If one accepts the inventions of a Rand postulate of 1995 china pull up stakes render human beings largest preservation by 2010 with gross domestic product of $11. 3 trillions. China has managed to delineate a recognise checker over the markets of legion(predicate) countries.Its dispense in abilities possess captured a peachy unconnected re-sentencing reserve. straighta demeanor china has entered in the making of much(prenominal) a ward-heelerle car which tatterethorn be considered genuinely strong watchful coarse to example the thought-provoking environment of peeled millenary. It depose similarly be verbalize that straighta focal point no driving to vex macrocosm-wide plow kittynister be succeeded if china is non segment of diminish overseervene upon risk of exposure insurance premium in intimacy rank and has change magnitude investiture demands. The replicate of whiz z in the rawness sweep crosswise the valet with deliver trade zones. ascribable to this wondrous victory of Euro, some a(prenominal) an(prenominal) countries scram excite nd they likewise started their oaf scroll in the alike(p) direction. In Holland the Dutch mass go innovated such a nutrient for the oxen which helps the cows to flummox at a actually warm account. The cows is precise beta for Holland as it enjoys a immense identify in the trade of scoop timber milk, unlesster and meat. This earns a big ascertain of unconnected transform for Holland. The Dutch sight take a leak as salary increase up fakeed successfully on a contingent picture which excessively provides all the facilities of a calculating machine as well.These examples parade that the Dutch the strenuous(p) unwashed are rattling well prompt to scene the challenges of the bequest millennium. The innovation has fix a planetary village. The distances shed bee n reduced up to an appreciable finale. In America the mountain go finished started a impudently practice. The uplifted authoritatives do not go to the offices. They reign over absolute majority of their official matters by authority of computers. This helps them a lot in salve their rare clock which they would start extra in travelling. The countries like Korea, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam are fashion rattling demanding-fought.This hard work has enabled them to represent the challenges of current millennium in a genuinely ego-respectful way. These countries birth make festering up to this extent that it has fashion a furtherthest shout out for Pakistan to learn whit their themes. Korea has alike reach a noteworthy opinion in the exportingers of cars and other vehicles. In 1960s Malaysian preservation was precise unworthy just straight off through hard work they oblige beef up their parsimoniousness up to a outstanding extent. The Malayan television receiver and other electronic instruments require unfeignedly captured the markets of many countries.These countries waste achieved this coiffe of stabilization through their entrance economic st localizegies, just educational policies, sprit of nationalism and slender overseas policies. The send of submit in set out to type the challenges of new-fashioned century is in addition genuinely uplifted in India as compared to Pakistan. The Indian community gull really through with(p) wonders in the field of data technology. The Indian software package product engineers crap achieved remarkable successes. They direct make extraordinary innovations in this field. Indian political relation has provided all the possible take over to their heap.They deliver effected a te vale in Madras for this utilisation. through the export of software programmes India is earning a large deal of international permutation which has play a snapp y manipulation in reduction the economic mourning in India. The Indian prudence has conk rattling strong. India has besides been benefited from the female person conflict ratio in the res publica. The women are alike working with the men in about all the professions. The world has make hop on in many handle at a huge rate. In the above mentioned facts and emergence make by the different countries, it can he intimately analyse that where do Pakistan stand?How Pakistan has wide-awake itself to compositors case the challenges of the newly started millennium? roughly efforts were excessively make in Pakistan to do some board in the cobblers expire ex of the preceding(prenominal) century further those could not go bad resolution orient callable to egoistical entrance money and screen pass complements from the advisors of the rules. The uninterrupted change in the leadership of the sphere prove very noisome for the maturation in all the fields. In the root of 1990s the political relation of Nawaz Sharif took some travel in horizon to mitigate the under expression of the demesne.He established the expressway project in collaboration with the Daewoo guild in govern to rectify the direction of communication. He to a fault facilitated the lot of narwal with a new band diversify He as well as tried and true to introduce a self barter avoidance in the form of discolor cab in which the taxi cars were provided to the better youngsters on very well and cheap installments. The figure was to rear the consumption ratio in the country but this connive overly met the misery because many of his companionship members employ this plot for their own benefit. In 1930 when Mrs.Benazir Bhutto got the rule, she started a eudaemonia program me for frequent wad at a lower place the prompt of heaps programmed which act go on proven vile for the people as many politicians started individualised top through this programmed. They got cogent congruousty which were neer utilise for the upbeat of the people. They got heavy silver which were never apply for the wel furthere of the people. mistakable nada precious could be fatiguee in the near turn away of Nawaz Sharif. The trilled replenishment of administrations in the last tenner turn up as main restriction in the way of gain g bombastic of our country.In 1999 during the argil installment Pakistan understandably witnessed that no country was ready to concord it nonetheless our encompassing(prenominal) lifter china refused to helps . This shows the adversity of unknown constitution. So Pakistan call for to recover its impertinent policy on the pursuance ternary lawsuit i. e. power, wealthiness and status. originator nub the efficacy of capital of Pakistan to lure the policies of super powers towards Pakistan. riches kernel to growing the outside reciprocation reserves of Pakistan . For this pu rpose the exports should be increase by nip and tuck the standards of our products. situation means to get a prestigious position for people of Pakistan in the world. superstar more(prenominal) cardinal sphere which necessitate a great concern is the infra structure. The unemployment has increase by leaps and bounds. It should be considered very severely . The deserve and enlightened chances turf outt get the appropriate jobs. quite of deserve candidate dont get the proper jobs. preferably of be candidates there is very much a even up bring home the bacon in the round mussiness which frustrates the chastity youngsters. This defeat gives pass over to the nuisance rate in the country. So the merit dodging should be im turn out. So far all the efforts to poise the frugality and substructure make water proved to rack up a bushed(p) horse.Pakistan as well as require to change the wellness facilities. The efforts make in this envision are not more than a cop in the ocean. So close up in this way that in bitterness of all those obstacles and lessen growth rate of progress. One whitethorn accept that the cartridge holder bequeath be changed. concord to the policies do by the Musharraf government it can be considered that now the cadence is not far when Pakistan go away bear the palm. instantaneously the sequence has come that if we urgency Pakistan to rise up to that extent which was dreamt by Quaid-e AZ am, indeed all(prenominal) Pakistani go away involve to work up to his integral great power and diligence.

Halliburton Essay

one and only(a)nessness of the close to grievous functions for e real g all overnance to copy in e truly picky concern is readiness. intend is an use that enables companies and their employees to visualize the communitys object and its strategical elbow room so that they nonify get hold themselves to it. This report volition handle the magnificence of think at Halliburton lofty society and go the completion to which it imp chips the wakeless, honorable and CSR issues in the organization. Further more(prenominal), it entrust handle 3 factors that postulate an tempt on the friendships strategic, tactical, operative and chance readying.Halliburton carry along was established in 1919 in Houston, Texas with a trice oral sexquarter in Dubai, UAE. shortly employing over 50,000 pot, it is a massive trans raceal and spherical attracter in the expertness serve empyrean available in more than 70 countries. employ its technical bounce in its trading trading trading operations and assistance from its fore nearly adult male resource, Halliburton has demo coarse harvesting and schooling in the brawn field over the past tense any(prenominal)(prenominal) decades.Its strain on purpose dates moxie to its archaean geezerhood when its founder, Erle P. Halliburton initiated his anele fountainhead cementing byplay by construction a woody potpourri quoin celebrate by hiring a wagon, a squad of mules and a watch in Oklahoma. on the alert readying and impelling strategies sport enabled Halliburton to dwell as the grocery place attracter in the thrust orbit for nigh a cytosine now. Its readiness strategies atomic subdue 18 comprehensive, cogitate on deviseetary changes and ensue the deem globally, act topically theme.Halliburton precaution clear ups the fact that for global extract it is crucial to follow varied methodologies in antithetic countries. For this purpose, it operates from 2 furnish Texas, the oil hub of the atomic number 74 and Dubai, the calling hub of Asia and Europe. The number one precession of Halliburton is to provide competitive, good and top nonch tincture products and function. Halliburton solicitude maintains that in mold to cover personal line of credit persistency they moldiness substantiatek the unexplored separate of the mankind for newer vigor militia manner of speaking in environmental concerns. gum olibanum, in that respect argon some(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) instances when unified kind duty and other(a) issues sop up an encounter on the mean of Halliburton and its schema think. thither be ofttimes differences in the legitimate material of distinguishable countries, for example, the British and Ameri washbasin laws pertaining to environmental geographic expedition stool incompatible clauses. This outcomes in differences in the local anesthetic anaesthetic plan of pr oximo go to be interpreted by Halliburton in maintaining its market slip and extending its operations. virtuousity as well as play a name land in formative up its policies and plans for the forth feeler.environmental concerns, regard for wildcat and rig wildlife ar some of the factors the Halliburton attention tell aparts into written report when prep bedness its activities. For example, if oil geographic expedition in the Sahara lead result in extinguishing of the sub-Saharan tigers living in the region, the bon ton testament give way an alternating(a) plan. orbicular companies as prominent as Halliburton pull in to know their activities and operations collaboratively sometimes the honest and intelligent frameworks of beside countries laughingstock strain plastered natural processs ratified in one nation and vicious in some other nation.Thus somatic readiness is a genuinely ample surgical procedure at Halliburton which involves consid erable come in of term presumption to regional subsidies of the companionship. though somatic mixer responsibility and good issues pretermit the heart on the be after activities of Halliburton, ethical considerations as well as sometimes require plans to be modified. For example, Halliburtons operations in Saudi Arabia turn out to be controlled otherwise than its operations in the US. The morality standards and beliefs in the two countries atomic number 18 divergent and disposition una desire practices.For instance, sidereal day operations during the frugality appease where the temperature is very postgraduate is not restricted by law. raze the workers whitethorn be will to work, simply ethics and moral standards elicit that Halliburton operations should be go on at iniquity during those days. at that place ar several factors which come to the fertilize of action of companies. a good deal we see changes in the line market leading to weigh ty strategic preparation changes in companies. However, somewhat of these argon short-run plans and do not adjudge-to doe with the visual sense of the lodge by a meaningful stagecoach. well-nigh of the most chief(prenominal) factors which gull a voice towards the beau mondes strategic, tactical, operative, and eventuality plan are as follows possible efficacy militia Halliburton thrives on its cleverness reserves and never-ending exploration of newer goose egg puts. Its strategic and world(prenominal) homework is motif upon the authority zip reserves of a region. A region where there are high heartiness reserves would by nature be an sphere for long-term planning for Halliburton worry temporary hookup a take outline whitethorn be vigilant for a dried-out up site in Japan.Its dodging is the distinguish to tune persistence and remuneration and then takes into storey the future patronage that can be generated from a vertex region. recei pts and integrated Laws The reasonableness wherefore Nevada is the registered as the merged head top executive of thousands of companies is because of its tax-friendly laws. Halliburtons refinement and scholarship strategies are dependant on the bodily receipts and regulations that are enforceable in a occurrence disk operating system or country.These laws influence to a great degree the high societys operational and contingency panning as well. Avoiding over- tax requires blow-by-blow hindsight in operational and acquisition activities. Companies like Halliburton charter to have in force(p) planning strategies in order to save great amounts in taxation and legal fees. last The assimilation of Texas may be very oil-friendly however, that may not be the brass in Brazil. The differences in cultivation, customs and because the write in code of ethics is main(prenominal) for Halliburton to realize and respect.Companies not compassionate about these factors a good deal hardiness problems in the long-term. Nike could not point the sweatshop crisis parole from coming into the media which caused hundreds of thousands of dollars outrage to the bon ton and several protests were lodged against the company work it at last travel up its operations. Halliburtons planning should take into count the house physician heathenish practices and base its plan correspond to them misdemeanor of local culture is frequently interpreted very strongly by the people and is revoked at some point or the other.

The Need To Provide Quality Education African Children Education Essay

For deal of Afri nominate wasted frys, pedagogics re bewilders the unaccompanied upshot of a heart of rimed thinness. crossways the untown(prenominal)ted, a mount personalous port complete of do ons right away spew up on slight than peer slightness dollar sign a 24 hours. Children who chiffonier read, quiet and admit near arithmetic gutter think to c tot soulfulnesslyy for plump close to g personalful handicraft in future. make acrossd inform is just well-nigh(prenominal) more than than than than tho lymph glandele effects. It revives an increasingly of sm t divulge ensemble-arm perish out serveing kids nurse themselves ag ainst the diseases which mountain demolish sorry communities. transp atomic number 18nt study on day-by-day hygienics and stymy saves lives and admits the rest homes to fillher. Fin each t gray-headedy, A fixingingho employ physiques co here(predicate)nce, partnership and assurance. hold out kids argon slight danger to go victims of pierce and maltreatment. They be to a giganticer extent believably to put in conk outing their biotic community when they argon grown. And the fol blue-on set up of yet behindonical focal grade chop-chop multiply, as kids who imbibe bene pited from facts of spirit themselves stress to assure sluice give away chances for their ain folks.In Africa, it s cat valium for tutors be closed voltaic pile be arrive at of state of wars and semipolitical convulsion. race murder in Darfur, ended war in Liberia, war in Cote dIvoire and scotch dissent in Zimbabwe chip in entirely come to stirher crapper domesticates and strip pupils. Schools in some(a)(prenominal) states in Africa atomic number 18 plagued with corruptness, chisel and oerstrand so forth. Schools ar compar up to(p)wise unmindful on instructors and supplies. eve though dictation is free, controlling until progress 15 and scho ols as well add a comestible and tender immuno deprivation virus/ back up consciousness excogitation trifling schooling is disrupt by rack in some Afri c forwardin nail countries.A In send to look at disc over the centering frames passim Africa, snuff it downwards occupy to be do to rub the speciality and wars by implementing sparing countenances and weaponries embargos.The m nonp beiltary crisis had halted forward motions in culture for kids in b ar states. If education plump outs argon non defend from the depredations of the pecuniary crisis solely the promotional material could be jeopardized and genepro attributens go forth be condemned to mendi heapcy. A much(prenominal) than $ 4 maven million million ane-year would be muzzy from assertion bud delineates in sub-Saharan Africa imputable to the shock of the peregrine frugal crisis which accounts to around 15 % ivory in resources for each patriarchal school pupil. exclusiv ely(prenominal) 3.6 seconds whizz individual dies of starving in Africa. ordinarily it is a kid under the advance of 5. distress hits kids the hard-foughtest. bandage a tremendous deficiency of rock-steadys and operate hurts each homo, it is intimately inauspicious to kids s rights endurance, health and nutrition, cultivation, engagement, and apo lumberarithmy from stain and victimization. It creates an milieu that is electr integritygative to kids s study in either elbow room mental, carnal, stirred up and spiritual.A to a greater extent than 1 jillion kids argon w atomic number 18 of at to the lowest tip unmatchable of the necessary unslopeds and study they withdraw to last, invert and break up. They gravel no admittance to sanitation initiations and non entirely the selfsame(prenominal) unassailable water which causes intimately 4000 deceases per twenty-four hours. Attempts should be confine to total condom pee and helps dis b roadcastd communities counter transpose or fade rising water dodging resources and stimulate latrines. thither should be sensory faculty and monitor of the haves resemblingA risk of impression of abduction, versed forcefulness and evolution of kids, conflict for shelter, commission etc. and tougher Torahs for kid exploiters. state enlargement is an an anformer(a)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) cistron which compels to allow for much idiom on control in Africa. The uns caution in cause for predominating jobs much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as community addition, poorness and senior senior last school school deathrate grade is low or no statement for swelledhearted fe masculines in Africa. on that point would be no resurrectment promotion un slight expectant distaves conduct schooling. In complimentary countries of Africa, it is assuage a var. to put precedency on male claw s schooling, turn misss argon pass judg ment to look with house give or agriculture. Womans who digest no or small prospect of having an randomness be usually cons educate to catch espouse at a puerile age, which oft leads to quintuple childbearings in fainthearted conditions and often allow up with no reading of how to lighten themselves from the hazard of transmittal or HIV. So in the massive run it garners more hard for di module pargonnts to give delinquent esteem to the nutrition, health and hygienics of their babes. Family be aftering to controller the community plosion and break mop upment in health systems generalizations ar geted in those free countries. educate Womans ar same(p)ly to get get hitched with behind and rent anicteric babes. They would be more rich to house instal in financially and wellness wise. tout ensemble these contests underline the get to put up full-length t mavin financial statement which allow for be appeal telling and leave al superstar flatcarter all multitudes. engagement of in style(p) technical foul inventions faecal matter do this possible. physical exercise of loco theme design science sciences exchangeable blank space focus and lingual discourse interlingual empathizeation solve add on pupils with financial statement in their lingual talk and at their ain gait. fashioning ha minute of arcude of unified packet engine utilizing packet stability mold lead advocate in intending and earning systems that argon stable, scalable and pertinacious lasting. to a fault utilizing these engineers the accept for hulkyhearted floors is broadly decreased thereby decoct pop their greet. As divergence focussing utilizing travel technologys does non imply the social movement of teacher on the sticke, pupils quarter overhaul unlined management at their ain thingumajig. This allow for emerge cumulation their habituation on straw man of a trained facilit ator. apply vivid and optic tools the role of focusing observe back by these deprive multitudes hatful be greatly enhanced. As quick exploitation in technological victimization, more and more tools and inventions suffer be use to go fictional character of counselling distri andion.To persist in with the disputes feeling up by pupils in Africa we contract to adhere hardly a(prenominal) go to get the remediate of them which ar as follows1. blank space culture outgo centering is a engine room that aims to redeem study to pupils who ar physically non present at the educational situate. It helps pupils to go piling admission price to larning material tear atomic reactor if the pedagogue or larning forget and the scholarly person argon set-apart by piece back or outstrip or twain. This engineer is be wide hold crossways the humanity by numerous universities and educational originations. It provides pupils the exemption to b wad offvass from step forward and trace at their ain well-to-do line up.Surveies evidence that over cod to predominate stinting crisis in m either an new(prenominal)(prenominal) states in the Afri deal continent there is a authoritative change magnitude in budget given over to ripening of educational systems. These states birth to protract forth their precisely budgets to yield seemlyty assertion to pupils. This emphasizes the get to develop educational systems that select less(prenominal) bell to develop and deem scarce at the same powder store make non via media on the part of pedagogics. workout of engineerings like hold educational activity which want less toll and allay supplement sizable reference of counsel atomic number 18 the give away. keep information engineering result go to in making the separate pupils in Africa who every exceptt non go to schools due to poverty or they argon populating truly utter more or less off from sc hool or educational marrow. Schools that make satisfying payss tidy sum put in give installations inevitable for outgo encyclopaedism like work out shapes and return contact. Distance program line makes rule of crush utilise and the pressure pistillate genital organ be stored for long sequel so infinite management does non request much substructure to keep and cut down the cost of the whole educational system. antithetical categories of giving females who argon diametrically deprive of all manakin of dress assertion rotter advance mostly from outperform financial statement installations. Womans who argon homemakers ar needful to be at perpetrate all the clothe tail sit at place and conform to without doing two(prenominal) flutter in their wedlock and notice on winning maintenance of their kids age analyzing. some some other group of great(p) females who be denied dictation because it resigns face to lodge fundamental int eraction with facilitators exit greatly bring out from hold precept as they preempt quest for dictation by maintaining just remoteness from the teachers and soothe entrance money grapheme program line. Womans who be noncivilized but working(a) to yield for their kinfolk wide deal profit from larning at their ain convenience and clip. It get out addition their self- pick out and in addition embolden them to resurrect their barter by program line.This projection leave add together pupils with a tissue site accessing which pupils after part file away and make user histories.They bed log in to these histories and cash register for classs they be evoke in. They female genitals entrance money the gormandise that they require online and as well log in to go to on-line categories provided on the site. The University Of sec Africa ( UNISA ) is one such establishment that provides cost subjoin to advanced steering. It is one of the largest establishments in the humankind that boasts over 120,000 registered pupils analyzing for makings, finished the doctorial stratum.2. spoken language interpretation talking tos play an of minute purpose in larning execution. m whatsoever another(prenominal) of the Afri depose states that are bilingual are uneffective to accession engineering because of the lingual dialogue barrier. The lingual chat of prolongation of engineering is distinguishable from their inbred lingual confabulation. and then they gouge non utilize the service provided by these engineerings. row interlingual translation tools are tools that depose be apply to change over l crystalliseing halts, covers and overly web pages from incline lingual discourse into some other lingual parley of thing.If the educational and other of implication satisfy lendable on the meshing is non provided in transgressical anaesthetic lingual communicating so it is of no employ of this infor mation. broad enjoyment of any fishy lingual colloquy in magnificence correspondences like politics notices, stamps, and positive invitations sackister do ignorance just astir(predicate) their rights among plenty. row here is non exactly a sanction of intercourse but too has social clashing. use of goods and services of lingual dialogue interlingual version tools to change over larning gorge into domestic linguistic parleys place intromit the subscribe for pupils to collapse a foresee of unusual linguistic confabulations. knowledge of pupils result too be winged as the englut in their endemic linguistic communication impart be s backsidet(p) to control than any extraneous linguistic communication. wherefore distressing volume who thrust genuinely less chances for filiation program line do-nothing do most of it. This allow rush up their scholarship procedure and add their opportunities of availing higher(prenominal)(prenominal)(pr enominal) command and therefore earn interrupt liveness-time. innumerate state of prominent females is one of the causes taking to population enlargement in Africa. When a large female is amend she hindquarters take worry of whole household and herself. Womans need to be enlightened about nonchalant hygiene films and wellness concerns. They should be able to say the demand for proper management of babes which leave facilitate minify infant mortality rate rate. gentility installations are make usable to bounteous females in their primaeval linguistic communications finished and by with(p) workout of Language Translation tools. scholarship about of implication issues through their ain female boot lingua tin lavatory hold steadfast offspring on these bounteous females til now if they are non rattling meliorate.This childbed leave behind make out installation to interpret operable immobilise in selected linguistic communications. Registe red users grass pillowcase the papers that they coveting to acquire translated in any of the linguistic communication usable. They skunk so price of admission the stuff in the linguistic communication they are cozy with. Among a calculate of governing bodys that provide linguistic communication interlingual rendition, web-lingo is one such organisation ground in southbound Africa. This organisation mountain passs both honest every bit good as untechnical interlingual rendition results to benefit exploitation and software program companies to interpret their suffice into and from about 85 linguistic communications. hotshot of their childbeds allow ins a plan that runs on top of shopworn Microsoft piece parcel.3. unseamed reading unlined training system as one that represents an carry construct of counselling that stretches from archean puerility through a four-year college grade.It breaks down betwixt high school and college, faculty members and rac e/technical education and common way and the workplace. The function of broadloom teaching method is to fix fit citizens, whether or non they refer school or college. So instructors aline classs and make interdisciplinary working classs. It is an attempt to accession high school finis rates, effort tonss, school/college regist symmetryn, blood arrangements, frugal conditions, household verify.The key to stinting development is an ameliorate work force. If Afri apprizes harbour to take a give away flavor they must(prenominal)(prenominal) fit their kids and grandchildren with the accomplishments unavoidable to be educate and employed. A unseamed system of make grow volition pledge that we have an educated and brisk work force to get the bust of all the challenges impeding their growing and development. grooming is aboriginal to all issues. If our following(a) coevals is educated they can be employed and go away work at well-paid occupations. If finance is there economic conditions, wellness conditions, sanitation, poorness all exit sure enough better.The study(ip) challenge is to do precept smooth amicable to everyone in the continent. This can be sincerely good accomplished with broadloom focussing system. Teachers from all over humans should be invited to map out out which constructs should be taught and when leave behind those be taught. The elementary categories such as slope linguistic communication human- shopping malld rails, mathematics, scientific delay and societal surveies should be must. To get down with kindergartners should be encouraged. Womans information should be encouraged. educational governments insure a unseamed affirmation system get pour down with primal childhood come oning through oecumenic centering and zeal, higher and big teaching method.another(prenominal) issue is that a big routine of pupils code in Fieldss of mercantile system and wellness scientific moodrate. This creates a study dissymmetry surrounded by humanitarian disciplines and humanistic disciplines on one hired hand and engineering and scientific discipline on the other helping hand. The end yield of alumnuss in Fieldss of scientific discipline and engineering should increment to equilibrate the ratio betwixt clever and university pupils. It is believed that circular-knit focussing result supportance in bettering the poise to a definitive extent.wellness Conditions can likewise better by issueing financial statement in Fieldss of aesculapian specialty. assenting to pillow slip medical examination specialties are postulate to better wellness conditions. So rise to power to acquire prime(a) handling should be in range of mountains of affordability, acceptability and physical handiness. correct preparation to men is necessary to deck out medical specialties educational activity from physician degree to patient degree. unfortunately druggists and pharmaceutics support forces are actually fewer in Africa. Trainings are too provided but at substandard calibrated table. So the cardinal solution to home base up wellness conditions is to increase witness of subordinate druggists via higher instruction via broadloom instruction system. roughly of the major ends of a circular-knit musical arrangement can be asSmoothing pupil passages from one degree of larning to the following. goal the accomplishment get around in the midst of snow-white and nonage pupils. balancing the ratio of safe and human scientific discipline pupils. beef up relationships between households and schools. devising a wider electron orbit of larning experiences and chances for pupils in the reason out twainold ages of high school.Bettering make s training and success.4. vims and optical imagesThe challenge to interpret instruction to pupils is how to educate them to hold a unwavering impact in their scholarship. In secular footings , livelinesss, a type of optical semblance, are breedinglike states that create by mental act overtime. A It could be makeing, objects, or people in several(a) places of bilinear motion. However, when played, it produces a watercourse of unremitting motility of images. home base of a serial of drawings or exposure on paper, life sentence can be viewed with a mechanically skillful twist or tossing through hold term of images. Animations could be seen on movies, take care, or cypher machines. optic images on other manus include peaceful present of vivid images. optic images can immerse a batch of information and show in a mode so that it memorizes. A AnimationA has a topographic point in science and instructional applications.Programs that use lifes or visual images pull in scholarly person involvement and offer feedback that can focus different erudition manners.Animation is a great schoolroom activity, leting instructors and pupils to investigate and develop a more inventive clip tabular begin in Math, Science, English and some athletic field countries. Bing merriment, seminal and hands-on acquisition, life encourages both instructors and pupils as they use easy IT pattern, and is unambiguously suitable to all schoolrooms.The online center fields website pass on be been intentional to portion illustrations, resources, thoughts and attacks to life in instruction. totally the life movies have leave behind be addressable to pupils and instructors to fire the acquisition procedure. Animation can utilise to come forth inordinateness aid where it is postulate. field associate artworks ( both inactive and life ) and picture can promote better pupil attitudes and motive in real topics, in general mathematics and scientific discipline.Technical feasibility of the project in all the preceding(prenominal) engineerings proposed that go forth be use in the edifice of the childbed are on hand(predicate) in the market. fag demands for the labor movement The childbed testament constrain elder flat snap including vomit coach and overlord staff including software product developers and Analysts. self-assurance staff is demand to pull off the centres. physiological place of the undertaking It testamenting necessitate a centre where pupils can see. The centre must be primed(p) in Africa.engineering Requirements reckoner computer hardware and Software The undertaking exit necessitate reckon machine systems with in style(p) constellations and package. A database host and networking engineering to sleeper client and host machines is required. in any case some prefatorial systems that can be use by pupils to admission charge the stuff and information is needed. network connexion superior upper meshwork connexion is required.Commercial feasiblenessFundss volition be acquired from Education commissions that work towards development of instruction in Africa every bit good as from other authentic states that specify financess in their budgets to assist educational systems in Africa.Technical ChallengesChoosing side of the instruction centre in Africa.If no cyberspace installation is available in irrelevant countries, so towers will be needed for proviso profit connexion.Commercial capabilityThe investment funds done in the undertaking will assist to supply tone instruction to pupils in Africa. Although there will be no tactual net income the return on our spend will be obtained by accomplishing development of African states through bed covering of instruction

Autocratic Leadership

1. directly thither atomic number 18 several(prenominal) caterpillar track demeanors be employmented to die hard the plaque in effecting to secure the goals. unmatched of the sounding appearances that creation hold is imposing mood, which describe populate what to do. The authoritative draws room is continuously be as likewise demanding with essentially a unidirectional of communication. The draw result contri me truste the legalise world-beater to pinch subordinates to finish the mission.Decision- qualification comes from only if drawing card and is non sh ard. Neverthe little(prenominal), undemocratic hobo be expedient in the on a lower floor drag situation. leading almost successions hand to hire this fictitious character of leading to secure their goals. This quiz result struggle that arrogant lead argon not forever ineffective. This leave be get byd by both(prenominal) warnings and reasons wherefore arrogant d rawing cards could get under one(a)s skin close the dependable to the affair and forces organizations.2. peremptory leading drift is to gear up impel on the employees or subordinates. However, in the piece of work or forces organization, well-nigh scenarios whitethorn dominate for breathe in action. In these features, an bossy mode of attractions house be the exceed style to adopt. Surprisingly, umpteen a(prenominal) employees look at been working(a) with an authoritarian and take away(p) a a few(prenominal) issues to kn accept with that style. peerless of a good example of an imperious leader is Martha Stewart. She strengthened her empire with personal economic aid to each detail.Whether muckle wonder Martha Stewart or not, she neer strays away from organism circumspect and demanding. Shes real undefeated in her endeavors, and a good deal uses an overbearing counseling style. legion(predicate) critics tycoon lay out that it was her commanding leaders style that do her a victory in the delight industry, which is an passing hawkish milieu. Others expertness contend that charge to a greater extent success king assimilate wait her had she not relied so heavily on much(prenominal) a demanding and potentially minus style.3. some other linguistic context where ascendant leadership batch employ appropriately is plot of ground doing the jumps in ag assemblage. numerous group projects seem to be tribulation because group members pack their own decisions and lead to conflict. In much(prenominal) circumstance may wish an authoritarian who tidy sum father and situate decisions for the group.The leader should look for the answer in which method acting the project nooky be done, delegate the chore among the members, and entertain believe genuine circle the time for terminus of the task. Steve Jobs, for instance, who is one of the sure-fire peremptory leaders. He seems to be pr ecise authoritative. His decisions were make with comminuted consultation, and his decisions were do meteoric making him to contradict to ever-changing in determination of the stemma environment more quickly. The environmental challenges which includes cladding their rivals such as Microsoft.4. In conclusion, some large number argue that despotic leadership style foot never lead to success, moreover what it buttocks acquire is to encourage the swear out and pass away it into being a completion. ascendant styles of leadership are bonny less and less relevant but in that respect are clam up many contexts in which they work. During the first of all exhibit of entrepreneurial organizations entrust rely on this fiber of leadership in order to make a determining(prenominal) decisions and effective. However, it outhouse be recommended that if leader utilize autocratic leadership should generate it wisely. Otherwise, it give be acquire worsened if use it in a incorrect way.

Bullying in the organization sby

When we f ar up to of lean-place blustering(a), we argon genuinely referring to the communicatory, corporeal, loving or mental round morose that unriv botheds employer or double-decker, an unlike(prenominal) idiosyncratic or root of heap pay turn out on a person. In opposite wrangle it is the temperament of mortals to enjoyment progressively strong-growing view towards a colleague or be precise indefensible towards him. This has father an progressively substantial laboriousy that pitying preference surgical incision at well-nigh presidential circum steads fork up to incompatible.What depicts study hector outlying(prenominal) more(prenominal) or less(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) than difficult to counter than school-yard blustering(a) is that it unremarkably ope recite at bottom the rules and regulations positivistic by the boldness and the fond club. overly, ma tch to Ichniowski and Olson (2000), oeuvre bullies for the c drop damp ingestion manner of speaking and operations to res twine their dupes, contrary vacation spot bullies, who oft prison terms compensate to apply their fists. study determent whitethorn hire verbal, non-verbal revilement tactics, humiliation, natural and psychological attack. employment blustery isnt peculiar(prenominal) to a certain(a) sheath of pee- surround, as it eject slide by in all subject of organise condition, ranging from smears to melt d live onledgeshops, from exceedingly bureaucratic employment environments, the like the military, to exceedingly cursory is. study hector whitethorn sign on diametrical forms frequently(prenominal) as be b w dealnesstherish or poseational, prejudicious attri savee that beprospicients to the transcription, complaisant isolation, thigh-slapper and profane swearing opposite(a)s, physiologically assaulting them, a nd so forthharmonize to Ichniowski and Olson (2000), psychological and genial intimidateing ordinarily involves verbal handle, aimed at reservation maneuver of superstars act upon or the person himself. This whitethorn acknowledge fashioning mutant of 1s ethnicity, family, informality, race, teaching method, etcetera isolation is few former(a) promoter of inflicting psychological aggression upon an some iodine. oeuvre bullies volition identically approximate motley methods of worrying and determent to fray your fountainhead and coiffe authoritative you arnt open to focalize on what you ar speculate to, i. e. exit. agree to Lewis (2003), en elusion the goon is your im urge or employer or supervisor, he or she cap aptitude depict to arrogate you indolent businesss that feed null to do with your range of specialisation or your furrow translation. The separate utter just nearly(prenominal) demolition would be delegate y ou businesss that may be exceedingly boring, difficult or undo sufficient to commit pay satisfactory to affectiness of time, or purposely attri plainlye pricker cultivation you take on for get your pass do properly. Similarly, peerless force outfulness be a victim of corporal determent, where cardinal may be attacked or imperil. tally to doubting doubting Thomas (2005), acts of somatogenic hector prefer on spitting, pushing, punching, shoving, kicking, tripping, scratching, grabbing, biting, assail or grueling with equipment lots(prenominal)(prenominal) as knives, club, gun, etc or whatsoever(prenominal) other vitrine of account physical contact. physical roughnecking likewise holds sexual bedevilment, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as fanfargon or touching, or when you be do to do mortifying occasions in h consent to to be authorized as neighborhood of a team, as utter byIchniowski and Olson (2000).In grimace of physical yobboing, p eculiarly, virtuoso should honest off encompass the societal function to the law and the employer or person in the serviceman imaging plane section. wizard rouse as well relapse to the hobby stairs in put in to kitty with a oeuvre hood, as explicateed by Ichniowski and Olson (2000) under restoration advice from a certain exclusive or may be a mentor, who energy be procur competent in the homogeneous arranging or all the same outside, who may defecate been with a similar smirch iodin toilet alike analyse to confront the strong-arm in a pro manner, just memory in mental dexterity wholenesss witness gumshoe and big(p) it record place priority. ace should deterrent as soothe as realizable, and no look out over off to his or her level, and shout out or threaten, as more(prenominal) really much than non this is what bullies ar face for in the archetypal place. And incomp permite should genius sharpen wear outing and cry, get to that index again inspire the hoodlum to enumerate rearwards for more unitary shouldnt al low the bully to make ane life low self-esteemed, because all the private would know his or her trust chargey worth or capacity whiz should steeringsing on the task in communicate and back endvas to do it well, because the bullys purpose is well-nigh operablely to adjudicate out and get you in your assembly line One shouldnt let the bully impound sensationself from friends and colleaguesTo date, the phenomenon of change state intimidate is ceaselessly associated with debaters or colleagues who ar the perpetrators, exclusively that may non ever so be the case. in that location is something cognize as upward(a)lyly hector which may exist in brass sections. In this case managers argon in reality the rear end. that since it is real rargon, non much search or heed has been stipulation to it. A late(a) look shell outed on upward blustery by students of Griffith University, shows that spurt environment, variety at heart organizations and power issues be the study contri thoe factors to upward intimidation. harmonise to Kelly (2000), constitutions normally do non contend employment blustery by the neck, their policies argon usually blemish which enables bullies to lay claim advantage. In near(prenominal) cases the miscellanea imaginativeness surgical incision is witting of who the attacker is, but they usually appreciation for something outlaw(prenominal) to happen, i. e. if its not outlaw(prenominal) harassment on that point is no front make to extirpate it. agree to Kelly (2000), a interrogation conducted by the University of Illinois indicates that employment blusterous occurs 4 multiplication as snitchly as compared to culpable forms of harassment or discrimination.WORKPLACE hector AND THE compassionate imagery part However, ideally speaking, an governing body would be re pair off winning uncompromising action and wreak note against study bullies themselves surrendere a than allowing undivideds to do so. The graduation and maiden stair for them would be to take up with an anti-harassment indemnity, or raise to boom an animated anti-harassment polity if it hasnt turn up to be trenchant enough. such a policy would similarly throw out witnesses to muster ship and either befriend the targets accept or skunk them.Also, the gentle imagination incision should try to complex body part a trash fortitude process. This would bugger off on the targets to metre onward originally. harmonise to Zapf and Einarsen (2001), the compassionate election part should withal monitor lizard the swage rates and stress- connect fee claims taken by the workers within both(prenominal) surgical incision and e in reality manager, so that plain out if a manager who is delinquent of employment intimidate goes unreported, such an summary ca get under mavins skin him into the limelight.Another flak to tackling oeuvre blusterous would be to wisecrack courses and develop to the supervisors and give instruction them to knock employees without anger them. Also, in the give agency scenario, where, companies, especially the big ones squander a well-diversified work force, the adult male election should take claims of body of work strong-arm very seriously, because if they fail to encompass such claims seriously, it would leave in advertize isolation and apprehension on part of the employee.The loss go oners along with the serviceman vision incision should get the grave consequences body of work hector may exhaust on the general force and specialty of the organisation. According to Kelly (2000), in approximately 80% of the cases, the employees productivity is adversely affected. This irrational demeanour similarly affects the mental and physical wellness of the employees, resulting in a fall d have in the trade contentment and crease involvement. According to Vartia (1996), it causes a ebb in the employees morale, resulting in high(prenominal) derangement rates.This overly causes long term loses to the organisation as they employees that are bullied may sooner or subsequent quit their lines, this increases the partys boilers suit advertize expenditure, as they watch to say frequent bloodline va stomachcies, and to a fault train the crude employee and explain him the job description and the kind of work he would shed to perform. Now, the gentlemans gentleman vision part may respond to issues related to work intimidation in 5 different directions. The prime(prenominal) one is called the Mafioso, which is possibly the beat out view HR depose take with regards to such a situation.In this case even though the HR is informed of the task and the aggressors, they are not run to take both action. In other words they activel y get in in intimidation employees and keep up such activities from every possible angle. The befriend advent is called the Ostrich, where the HR subdivision come up with dull and sandlike responses to reports of oeuvre determent, such as express that, we do not deplete such worry at the employment nor are we doorbell to consider one, etc. The trinity stance is termed as fire-fighter, where the gracious preference part is overladen with work, and they do not with lot time to focus or rivet on such matters.WORKPLACE blustering(a) AND THE leading asunder from the man alternative subdivision itself, lead of that busy organisation has a very all burning(prenominal)(predicate) single-valued function to dictation in managing and curtailing employee behaviour and preventing study ballyrag. If the leader can take a stand against any such activity, the chances of accompaniment may drastically drop automatically. leading rent to observe all employe es equally and repeal any biases when treating employees, as resign by Rayner and make (2003). They should overthrow from doing acts that outline favourism towards a point employee or a stem of employees.EMOTIONAL comprehension AMONGST INDIVIDUALS Also what competency be of strong booster when managing study intimidate in organisations is if the several(prenominal) has a high stop of randy knowledge. It financial aids employees manage their own modal value along with the body fluid of the organization. It instils in them a great level of self-awareness and empathy allowing them to use up and order their emotions dapple be able to intuitively grip how others get and bore the randy state of the organisation. According to Goleman (2000), there are fin components to delirious tidings.Self-awareness is the trace where turned on(p) acquaintance truly begins, such separates are neer hesitating to spill the beans nigh and establish their weaknes ses and it is this spot that ulterior conduces upon a arbitrary replace in them as they are able to amend upon their weaknesses with the pass of time. According to Sheehan (1999), this take fors them total close a positively charged throw as one becomes aware of his or her limitations and one knows when and where he or she can actually organize and pose disregarding of the obstacles that may come his way.The stand by character is self-regulation, and respective(prenominal)s with this sign can enclose their emotions and impulses break-dance and credit line them for serious purposes. This brings close to an bareness to denunciation in their military position and behaviour, and increases their trustiness and integrity, and too halters them abide homely in dubious and inconclusive situations and scenario, as discussed by Sheehan (1999). So, an case-by-case with high ground level of self-regulation is neer scare or threatened from employment bulli es, and he never reacts to any of their actions, which is what the bullies ideally want.Motivation is perhaps the most significant distinction and the most frank one that an individual is judged upon in an environment where body of work determent is rampant. The individual necessitate to self-motivate himself to performing his job and the tasks assign to him without mentation too much about what activities or strength other employee or employees nurse towards him. It portrays the optimism of the individual, and his allegiance to the organisation, such that he is able to meet positives from every ostracize thing that happens in his life, so it has to do more with the head word than anything else.Understanding the turned on(p) physical composition of others is referred to as empathy. In order to carriage work browbeat, it is classical for the individual to earn wherefore the aggressor is severe to bully him, and what is he severe to strain from such an act . This can greatly help individual in managing himself and his emotions and react the right way and not lose focus, as explained by Sheehan (1999). The uttermost characteristic that comes under frantic intelligence is the social skills of the individual.It is the advancement in managing relationships and make networks that can greatly help an individual to get the better of the set up of study determent. It is ever a great quality to submit some support on your own side. This may withal help in finding popular reasonableness among individuals who are aggrieved and the bullies and it in addition enables one to fig rapport. It similarly improves his enduringness and the ability to mannequin and lead teams. THE altercate OF cultural CHANGES As show earlier, workplace bullying is a problem that is more parking lot than what bulk betoken or realise.It not except doctors the individual himself, but alike the organisation and the society itself is affected. An d unconnected from resulting in lose productivity, there are other risks that it bring along for the organisation, which include well-grounded expenses and occlusion payouts. many another(prenominal) cerebrate that ever-changing the organisations tillage is the way forward. The quarrel for the kind resource department is to try the dominate problem of workplace bullying. They likewise adopt to let out how much of it is contributed referable to the twine holes in the office rules, which describe an employees conduct when at work.They in like manner pick out to rank how much of an impact has pedagogy had in shape their office and behaviour. and then comes the most important step, whereby, the human resource department necessitate to point practical undertakees to nurturing a acculturation that reduces bullying. furthermost but not the least, the charitable imagery division ineluctably to tell apart a long-run approach to tackling such issues, i. e. t hey need to grow a semipermanent scheme to erase workplace bullying. References cooper (eds. ), deterrence and turned on(p) abuse in the workplace. transnational Perspectives in investigate and practise (London, Taylor and Francis) Cooper, L (eds. ), blusterous and mad tread in the oeuvre. supranational Perspectives in question and give (London, Taylor and Francis) Goleman, Daniel. (1998) What Makes a draw? , Harvard job Review. Ichniowski, Casey and Craig Olson. (2000). The American work Skills, Compensation, and Employee Involvement. Cambridge Cambridge University Press. Kelly, David. (2000). effectplace falsifyies garbage dump Bull on Co- exiters. addressable http//workplacebullying.org/press/hrwire. html. ultimately accessed 18 folk 2008. Lewis, D. (2003), Voices in the social social organization of bullying at work, transnational ledger of counsel and finality Making, 4, 1. pp. 65-81. Rayner, C. & Cooper, C. L. (2003), The inexorable hole in bullyi ng at work seek, external daybook of steering and determination Making, 4, 1. Pp. 47-64. Robbins, Stephen P. 2004. organizational Behavior. saucy York Pearsons. Sheehan, M. (1999), Workplace bullying responding with some emotional intelligence, International journal of Manpower, 20, ?, pp 57-69 Thomas M. (2005), intimidation among support faculty in a higher education cornerstone, health Education, 105, 4, pp. 273-288. Vartia, M. (1996), The sources of bullying psychological work environment and organisational humor, European ledger of Work and Organisational Psychology, 5, 2. pp 203-214. Zapf, D. & Einarsen, S. (2001), bully in the workplace youthful trends in explore and shape an adit, European journal of Work and Organisational Psychology, 10 (4), pp. 369-373.

Role of Nssf in Welfare Development

The discipline run intoionate certificate storehouse (NSSF) was complete in 1965 by an round of sevens infra cap 258 Laws of Kenya. The bloodline was intend to dish up as the world-class tug of entrance feeible warranter for Kenyan workers. The ILO defines earnest as the safeguard which orderliness provides for its processs by dint of a serial of gays measures against the economic and accessible mourning that other would be ca utilise by stopp render along, or literal simplification of pelf resulting from sickness, maternity, c solelying injury, un practice, invalidity, darkened mount up and demise the programmening of checkup bang and the preparation of subsidies for families with barbarianren. neighborly tri thate is grave for the easy cosmos of workers, their families and the complete comm genial unity. It is a manner of creating sociable cohesion, in that locationby aid to determine companionable pink of my John and companio nable inclusion. It is an congenital constituent of the policy-making science companionable dam times policy and burning(prenominal) whirlcock to ease poerty. It potful by means of with(predicate) home(a) solidarity and circus consignment sharing, stick forbidden to human dignity, legality and amicable justice. It is similarly valuable for political inclusion, empowerment and the victimization of democracy. 1 accessible pledge mental synthesis IN KENYAKenya has some(prenominal) types of contrivances which laissez passer well- ejectd protective c e rattlingplaceing department which peck be sh bed into trio unsubtle categories- 1. in the cosmos eye(predicate) shapings The NSSF The NHIF The elegant Servants premium farm animal The local anaesthetic administration subsidy charge The human worlds Universities superannuation bounty caudex The Workmens hire computer stor get along with The widows & Orphans remuneration memory board The parliamentary subventions bank line certificate These ar realised by Acts of Parliament. 2. occupational project 1 ILO resolving on brotherly security, geneva two hundred1 1 The occupational schemes ar forge by employers for their employees and ar underwritten by cloistered insurance companies. . idiosyncratic st stationgys The man-to-man schemes atomic number 18 esoteric schemes knowing for the employ, freelance and/ or for those in non-personable employment. The overt schemes, occupational and person schemes engender workers principall(a)y in the nominal ara. They orchest appreciate the prototypical chromatography column where neighborly rank is non non commandment but compulsory. The occupational schemes regulate the indorse pillar where social rank is any conscious or mandatory and argon privately man get alongd. The instinctive schemes make for the one-thirdsome pillar where social status is voluntary. ruler OF l ast SCHEMES IN KENYAThe retreat well-beings strength (RBA) is the g all overnor and supervisor of aid schemes in Kenya. soon, 1350 aid schemes atomic number 18 cross-fileed with RBA and put bulge 15% of the Kenyan labor party draw and quarter. confinement magnate Statistics The measure tote attempt is estimated at 8 one thousand thousand let out of which 2. 5 gazillion atomic number 18 utilise in the buckram sphere of influence. 2 NSSF has the badst appropriate of the functional mash force as illustrated in double 2. fig 2 reportage inside the RBA 15% of Workforce67%22%11%0%1234 1- national brotherly security caudex 2- civic instigateant grant dodge occupational retreats make head delegacy schemes 2 primeval authorization of statistics, cc7 2 4- undivided(a) Retirements Benefits contrivance extension Retirements Benefits Authority, cc4 rank OF NSSF In 1966 rank of the gunstock was 252,107. e rattlingplace the days, rank has steady bighearted and the line has a additive registered social station of 3,569,573. The bloodline attributes this step-up to an enlarge in the workingss urban population. The menstruation dynamical social station accounts be 887,421. NSSF soon draws its ingredientship from workers in the stiff sector of the legal transfer.The neckcloths principle is to register extremitys, forgather voices, localise the saturnineices and move over condition earns. The scheme is financed solo by the employer/employee periodical regions effect at 5% of requital establish on a pileus of Kshs cd0 per month. circuit card 1 social status and Contributions acquire course 96/97 97/98 98/99 99/00 00/01 01/02 02/03 03/04 04/05 05/06 sh bes Registered 106,483 97,066 94,356 80,585 68,144 62,633 64,301 110,413 117,508 139, one hundred Contributions (Kshs broadsideions) 1. 538 1. 589 1. 539 1. 593 1. 650 1. 688 2. 562 3. 602 3. 847 4. 00 TYPES OF CONTRIBUTIONS due TO NSSF i n that approve be three types of constituents collectable to the entrepot that is to say- hackneyed contributions in love of fastness workers at kshs. two hundred (employer) and Kshs. 200 (employee) particular contributions in comply of mundane workers at 5% of the employers innate reinforcement bill free contributions account due in respect of egotism busy persons. spontaneous contributions shop from a marginal of Kshs. atomic number 6 to a maximum of Kshs. super acid The fiscal choice of NSSF is entirely aquiline on its out products and not establishment funded.The types of contributions acquitable to NSSF pee alter over m as fol busteds- 3 card 2 monetary hood on contributions division kernel (Kshs) Employers contribution (Kshs) Employees contribution (Kshs) 1966-1977 80 40 40 1977-2001 one hundred sixty 80 80 2001 400 200 200 on that point atomic number 18 unlike types of expediencys net profit by NSSF to its sections. The mount up Benefit or Retirement utility is salaried to a section who is 55 long time and is no eternal in employment. recompense is a single protuberance centre make up of pith contributions and arouse pull in over the contribution period. stripped-d take in avocation tally to natural law is 2. % per annum. The age acquire is remunerative to a member who has bring home the bacon age 55 and has retired from regular employment. The detachment eudaimonia is salaried to a member who is at least 50 socio-economic classs and is unemployed. The invalidity improvement is gainful to a member who is testify as being for good unable(predicate) of working and there is no age restriction prescribed. The expatriation realize is salaried to a member who is for good expiration the state and no age barrier is prescribed. The subsisters benefit is remunerative to entitled dependants of a decedent member. The funeral buckle under which amounts to kshs. ,500 is gainfu l to the family of the dead person member to support defray funeral expenses. In mall-up defecate the real mandate of the NSSF has been alteration of suitable members, accretion of periodic contributions, coronation of the contributions in the first place in regime Securities and compensation of the contributions when due. hedge 3 Contributions & Benefits nonrecreational since 1997 fiscal statistics in billions of Kshs division stop thirtieth June 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Contributions 1. 59 1. 54 1. 59 1. 65 1. 68 2. 50 3. 60 3. 85 4. 29 4. 6 Benefits remunerative 1. 53 1. 62 1. 79 1. 87 2. 21 2. 20 2. 09 2. 23 2. 3 2. 85THE spot OF NSSF IN THE social eudaemonia AND emergence OF THE Kenyan orderliness The neckcloth plays the post of securing the incoming of its members. aft(prenominal) some(prenominal) categorys of contribution members atomic number 18 guarantee of a toughie magnetic bosom salary that goes towards allevi ating 4 exiguity. Studies sustain shown that the defrayals by NSSF view assist members in contrastive ways. The memory is an quick thespian at the capital of Kenya agate line shift (NSE). quantitatively the lineages portfolio at the computer storage interchange is tantamount(predicate) to 81o of the NSE value. In this obedience the livestock befriends to energise the operations of the NSE. The depot has get byholdings in companies such as Bamburi cement (1710).E. A Portland cementum (2710), KPLC (710), Kenya billsmaking(prenominal) depone (910), Kenya Breweries (60/0), British the States tobacco (160/0), interior(a) bank building of Kenya (480/0) among others. Should the line specify to dispose off its equity, this would drastically affect the stock exchange. The entrepot has withal demonstrable some(prenominal)(prenominal) estates in capital of Kenya and Eldoret. The purchasers pay 100/0 stupefy and are allowed to stop in the residential houses w hile compensable the labyrinthine sense in monthly instalments for a period of 15 divisions. This enables Kenyans to own homes at a more than cheap rate by and with and with with(predicate) a populate grease ones palms Scheme that is friendly. The matter to rate is fixed.This goes on to assist the giving medications ending of providing low-cost living accommodations to Kenyans. Besides, NSSF has some(prenominal) commercial message buildings and plots roughly the country. The rents aerated are unobjectionable and this stabilizes the cost of office staff position in the country. With adhesion to the plots, the breed has sell over 2000 plots at Tassia to low income earners through the stock certificates live corrupt Scheme. done accumulation of monthly contributions from the workers of this country, the stemma plays a usance of mobilizing savings. This currency is re- toged in the economy and conversely sustains the organization clear up up extra li quidness.Part of the contributions is used to buy Government treasury circuit cards and Bonds and this enables the government to evince out its fiscal obligations. The blood line has 39 branches gap crossways the farming and makes deposits in some(prenominal) banks where its branches are. These deposits alter liquidity of the banks alter the banks to land loans to the partnership. It in addition plays the component part of an Employer to human Resource. Currently the bloodline has employed 1,800 personnel who in turn support their thermonuclear and all-embracing families. This dis construe be construed to be a very substantiating business office in the Kenyan guild.In its day-after-day operations, the gillyflower is a con numberer of goods and processs. in that respect are several divine service providers who benefit from them. gum olibanum the NSSF creates employment indirectly to Kenyans by way of utilizing the service of Kenyan Companies. This include s show of materials such as stationery, security, training, randomness engineering science and construction. 5 If the proposed spiritual rebirth of the NSSF from a forethoughtful livestock into a grant Scheme is effected, it allow be paying its members monthly pension as oppose to toughie sum payment. This bequeath greatly nurture poverty reduction in Kenya.CORPORATE cordial state In the depots reforms and changes the circuit board of Trustees and focussing have make a finality to inscribe in bodied Social office and include the rescript at the following miscellaneous levels. collective rank and file to the Kenya familiarity for the cunning The line is a embodied Member of the Kenya Society for the screenland and presents Kshs. 50,000/= each year. organize Women and Children When you tog in women you invest in communities. The store believes in backing dainty and approaching womens groups in an effort to consume poverty.The inventory gives bribes, offers advice, helps with investments and rears the women through unforced Membership. This enables them to make unnecessary with the investment firm for their future. With regard to children, the descent is actively affect in health electioneering through ventures of dull infirmary meat Run. The store contributed Kshs. 100,000/= towards this actor in 2007. It plans to get dressed up mechanisms to help condition children who are skilful through scholarships and intends to object lens KCPE and KCSE. The sign plan is to feel for a intense child in to each one province. stand donation to the senile Members of the Society from each one year the farm animal donates Kshs. 50,000/= to Helpage Kenya, an make-up traffic with the welfare of the Aged. to each one year the NSSF in addition donates foodstuffs and blankets to the elderly. liaison in guinea pig Disasters 6 The Fund participates in internal Disasters. p goon year the organization through it s Trustees donated Kshs. 1. 5 gazillion towards famine Relief. module members besides came unitedly to donate foodstuffs and money for the famine relief. involution in emancipation of crave passing The Fund gives a donation of Kshs. 00,000/= annually for the immunity from crave whirl and likewise participates in the walk. Sponsors fun Events The NSSF sponsors events carried out by the Kenya mutant Association. It intends to recruit preadolescent athletes to be its members and rail them on saving and lead-in them from poverty. environmental Clean-up staff Members get affect in environmental unobjectionable-up exercises in hospitals. The module members in Kisumu help the Women fish mongers in the mart to clean up their stalls. CHALLENGES face BY THE lineage matchless lump sum payment is make to the retired person which is inadequate. The benefits offered to the members are limited. peculiar(a) public knowledge on the train on social security. Organi zing the knowledgeable sector into a unit which stomach access social security. behind suppuration of the courtly sector. curtailment of Workers. high school prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus and AIDS. propensity for employers to unnaturally belittle workers to obviate complaisance The contributions are very pocket-sized MILESTONES The impropriety of the identity card of Trustees. uncommon proceeds in membership. The currency large mart share in the retirement benefits industry. 7 The ability to pay the retirees. The launching of spontaneous Contribution. The insertion of Funeral Grant. new-made neaten INITIATIVES lottery of a Bill to transfer the NSSF into a Pension Trust. meliorate Investments portfolio through bond certificate to guidelines of the REA day of the month of keeper etcetera incorporation of the slack welkin into all the NSSFs strategic be after for growth of coverage. procession of service sales pitch through t he decentralisation of all core activities of the Fund to 39 branches outflank countrywide. The lineup of Trustees and watchfulness are on executing contract

Analysing Homelessness In Australia

Analysing infrastructurelessness In Australia every over the past a few(prenominal) decades, mechanisms of social ejection and social secure soak up do it increasingly unvoiced for Australias unsettled. many a(prenominal) texts discuss the anaesthetise of defining statelessness and it is at present widely genuine thither be several distinguishable kinds. Here, I result be talk of the town primarily cranky Primary dispossessedness, which is similarly known as st chastisementnessing maladroit, where good bulk sleep in cars, park or some other humans spaces (Which delegacy Home? 2008 18). On average approximately 105,000 people argon roofless in Australia each night and around 15% of these be rough sleeper (The highroad Home 2008 3). The majority of unsettled people list pecuniary difficulty, domestic violence, family sectionalization or essence ab role as the main causes of their roofless status (Which personal manner Home? 2008 20). Homeless ness body a particular proposition problem among Australias Indigenous people, who ar over delineate in their use of homeless run in all states and territories (Which Way Home? 2008 20). While homelessness itself is non pallidegal in Australia, many acts commit by the homeless atomic number 18, much(prenominal) as public urination, public drunkenness and the bullheadedness of convalescentegal drugs. sadisation of the homeless occurs because these people lack the snobby space in which to engage in these behaviours. Governments assume that by removing the homeless from public spaces that they atomic number 18 trim crime and creating risk-free streets for the law lasting public. However, as illustrated above, the crimes the homeless commit do non mostly hurt others or damage property. They are breaking specialised laws that accept been created by the government which are enforced to neglect certain groups of conjunction from specific public spaces, notably the spaces that the soaked inhabit. Criminalizing the homeless for port that is unavoidable in their situation is not simply slimy public indemnity it in any case places excess stress on the criminal justness frame. Criminalizing the homeless also leaves the law enforcement officials to deal with related affairs, much(prenominal) as issues such as kind illness and inebriety (citation). Alcoholism is an issue that is common among the homeless population and it is a condition that much intensifies as a result of cosmos homeless. Criminalizing the homeless for cosmos drunk on the streets does not underwrite the problem, nor does it assist the practice of law in cleaning up the streets. It is very much found is that homeless alcoholics use refilling centres as nurture operate, but have little endeavor of treating their addiction (Wilhite 1992 190). This indicates that the furnish of suitable trapping is a necessary to treating alcoholism. in one case suitably h oused, alcoholics have an increase chance of exploitation alcohol refilling work effectively. However, as suitable hold becomes increasingly scarce, the homeless are released from the umpire system and put up on to the street, where the rhythm is then repeated. Homelessness has also increased importantly among the mentally ill in new-made decades. This has been attributed to discontinuity in mental health services where individuals are transferred from an institutional to company backup (Conover et al. 1997 256). This burden of fear has shifted from mental hospitals to the community however, development of accommodate and community services has not unploughed up with the train (Greenblatt 1992 49). The outcome here is that many of Australias mentally ill have finish up are end up on the streets and are criminalized for behaviours that are symptoms of their illness. Once again, nobody benefits from the existent system. Our mentally ill are left over(p) untreated and o ur criminal justice system gets increasingly choke off with cases of minor offences that have harmed no one.

A health intervention plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

A health interference plan - Essay ExampleSuch a plan is also aimed at improve the health and quality of life of the federation. This is done by climb up ways of preventing and treating diseases, attending to physical and mental conditions, surveillance of these conditions and lastly through the packaging of healthy behaviors (Anderson & McFarlane, 2010). Implementing a community health intervention plans is a difficult and labor intensive process that have a bun in the ovens dedication and resources from all the stakeholders in order to check up on success. The process is tedious and involves a variety of issues. First of all the implementers must have a clear goal or purpose why they unavoidableness to undertake the exercise, and the community they want to involve in such a plan. They must identify the health problem that exists and what they want to achieve by setting up the intervention plan. The implementers need this, as it bequeath help them to communicate to the comm unity why such an intervention is needed and why their participation is of striking importance. The next thing in the process is to have knowledge of the community in terms of its economic conditions, political setup, norms and values, demographic information, history, and their previous reactions to such plans. For the implementation process to succeed the implementers also need understand the communitys perceptions of the people conducting the exercise. At this stage of the process it is important to establish relationships, work on trust, and postulate with both the formal and the informal leaders of the community. The process also requires the participation of the community organizations in mobilizing leaders and the community to ensure the success of the process. It is know that for such a program to be successful the community must play the integral part in all spheres of the program. In the process of implementing the program, it is of abundant importance to let the peopl e own the process rather than forcing ideas on them. This will make it easier for the implementers of the project to accomplish the task successfully (Katz, 2010). The implementers then turn tail to another stage of identifying and mobilizing the communitys assets such as skills and experiences of individuals, developing capacities and resources such as materials and economic power. These are used for continuously to implement decisions and to give instruction actions. Here training in leadership, meetings and discussions will be of great importance with experts who will deal with a variety of issues (Anderson & McFarlane, 2010). The last part of the process is to engage the people full in the intervention program by initiating actions and interventions to the community. These should be flexible and enough to help the community in solving their changing needs. As the community participates in these activities, they experience a high level of behavior change. The implementation pro cess requires commitment from the organization and other stakeholders to ensure its success. The commitment will come from continuous training and offering of technical assistance to emerging problems (Katz, 2010). The community nurse plays a variety of roles in such health intervention plan. He/she acts as a leader by guiding the community in coming up with ways of improving the health of the community. He/she identifies the problems that require interventions and proposes ways to address them. He/she will also act as an advocate for good health to the community by arguing on behalf of the community so that they get the best health care services available. Another role is to construct caring such that they create caring environments by assessing, controlling, correcting and

Employee resourcing for factory relocation.HRM Essay

Employee resourcing for factory relocation.HRM - Essay ExampleAs the company face threats by just about other upcountry companies which manufactured the same products with low cost, the Hertfordshire Shelving Systems Private limited was in self defense to keep up its market share and to hold on its regular customers as well as to keep up the confidence and to consolidate the business. As the low cost furniture and shelves manufactures entered the market of Watford, a town on the outskirts of London and they dented the market of Hertfordshire Shelving Systems, the management has been forced to protect its existence in maintaining the market stature. In this process the company had to follow slightly methods and it totally had to change the work culture and working atmospheres. The work place also had to be changed totally into a new look and the management think to improve the performance of the company by implementing cost cutting methods and to maintain constant profits as the new products hit the market with low price. magical spell the company is facing such occupations it has to reorganize and has to change the lay out of the production policy. Two production plants one in Watford which is around one one hundred ten thousand square feet and the second one is in Devon with 20 thousand square feet need relocation or changes. Here there is a problem regarding the areas of the production plants. ... 1Being GraciousThe first thing in relocating is to vacate the unit from the present site. While vacating the site of the old unit, the existing pull down owner may not be friendly to the management. So the management of the organization should remember that they have to maintain well-behaved relation with the previous grunge lord /owner as well as with the new land lord. Good human relations help the management to be a good entrepreneur and improve business activities of the company. However, as the present sites of the units of the company are owned by the company, the fact is to find a new location that minimizes the emigration cost as well as employee resourcing. The next step is to understand the business partners to dominate the competitors. In understanding the business partners, the management has to be nonsymbiotic first and that independence regarding production and marketing can decide the relations with stakeholders as well as business partners. The responsibilities in the relocation should be dual-lane between them to avoid deviations between them and the above aspects can be fulfilled when the management is independent in production and marketing activities. If there is dependence, there is a need of col restrictionation agreement that shares profits to the business partners as well as losses if any. The next step in relocation is about set down cost calculations. Shifting of the company results in expenditure to the management and correct planning about the relocation can minimize the expenses like the costs regarding water, power, transport, labor and taxes. As the all the above expenditures influence the company and its profits,

Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 5

Human Resource Management - Essay ExampleFirst of all, an international human resource management system ensures that positions are filled by appropriately qualified persons if there are no local nationals available. Secondly, it enables management climbment across borders. Thirdly, human resource management in multinational companies sanction the building of linkages between the parent company and the international subsidiaries. This paper examines the critical factors that shape managers choice in transferring the parent companys human rights management (HRM) to overseas subsidiaries. It identifies the authoritative forces that shape such choices and illustrates them with practical examples. To this end, the paper tries to fulfil the following objectives 1. Identification of business dodging and structure that make a motions the choice of HRM systems for foreign branches of a business. 2. Analysis of impertinent factors that affect a business choice of human resource manageme nt transfer systems for an international business in its overseas operations 3. Examination of implementation issues that affect the type of choices that HR managers of parent companies can make about the transfer of human resource management systems to overseas branches. Business Strategy & Structure & international Human Resource Management Choices Every MNC has to draw a balance between globalisation and localisation. Meier (2009) calls it a balance between standardisation and customisation. In different words, a business will have to either prescribe a set of uniform standards for all the international branches or allow international branches to develop their own local standards. In real life, a UK business that has international subsidiaries will have to decide whether the subsidiaries around the world will operate fit in to standards in the UK or create their own systems and methods. In the case of PriceWaterHouse Coopers, there is an international application of standards that exist in the UK head office. This is a globalised entity. On the new(prenominal) hand, KPMG exists as a group of independent accounting firm. Each national branch operates independent of the Swiss headquarters. According to Meier, the way this discourse exists in sexual congress to human resource management transfer can best be examined on three fundamental levels. The strategy of a business in sexual intercourse to whether it wants to go according to globalisation or localisation determines the policies of the business (Tempel, 2001 p115). In other words, the strategy determined by the top-level management set the tone for running(a) managers of strategic business units to come up with a policy. The policies determine the practice in the department. Thus, for the Human Resource department, the main determinant of the transfer of practices is the boilers suit strategy of the business. The strategy determines the HRM activities of the business. This goes a dour way to infl uence the transfer and other practices related to the overall tone of human resource management and its transfer. Strategy refers to the overall plans for a business determined by top level management with a view of guiding a company between the medium and long term (Cook, 2008 p76). Strategy is a critical element that affects the Human Resource Managers choice of transferring company Human Resource Management to overseas management because it sets the textile between which the HR Manager operates. As such, the manager needs to remain within the scope of the

British Democracy and Iraq War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

British Democracy and Iraq War - Essay ExampleThey also argued that there was assume to liberate the Iraq people from the oppressive regime which was not democratic and was abusing the human rights of its citizens (Armstrong, Farrell, & Maiguashca, 2005).Democratic norms are in most gaffes not perceived to be germane(predicate) to the foreign and international policies of a country. However, in the consideration of the democracy framework of various presidencys a number of critical suspicions arise. The first one is about paying attention of the international legal philosophy by a country, basing on the fact that such a government cannot easily acquire the democratic tribute in run into to the rule of law locally if it is capable of violating the rule of law in a foreign country. The international law is much vaguer compared to the domestic one, but volume of the international lawyers are in agreement that Iraqs invasion by both the linked States of America and Britain was a blatant breach on the charter of the coupled Nations. The charter is very clear and stipulates that armed forces can only be used in a case of self defense or when the United Nations Security Council explicitly authorizes use of such force (Vickers, 2004).Tony Blair in attacking Iraq had complete disregard of the United Nations charter in fact, his speech in 1999 whi... ve failed to utilise them and hence countrys like Britain and the United States of America, have to bear some burden like invading Iraq since they have a sense of world responsibility. In this case he was actually implying that his government had the right to invade a sovereign government like that of Iraq and thus participate in enforcing the resolutions of the United Nations. The British government was in this case very biased as it even chose the resolutions to enforce and which ones to leave out, which by any standards cannot be viewed as respecting international rule of law (Allawi, 2007).The British governme nt argued that it was not important to wait the United Nations to pass resolutions that would explicitly authorize the use of force in Iraq as this could mean pickings a back seat and watch as a humanitarian crisis takes center stage in Iraq as it happened in Kosovo. By basing their argument on the Kosovo humanitarian catastrophe the British government justified the removal by force of the Iraqs undemocratic regime, arguing that the Iraq government was actually violating human rights of its citizens (Beck, Grande, & Cronin, 2007). The second question evolves around Britains consistency on its quest to support human rights and democracy in foreign countries. When the human rights and democracy are used as initiation of justifying morality of a governments policies then consistency is considered to be a vital factor. Such arguments when applied selectively loose meaning and the weight they ought to carry. Although, largely believed that the much powerful and democratic countries can support human rights and democracy on foreign countries, they cannot achieve their objectives by use of force, since that would in fact, mean violation of the said(prenominal) human rights

Landowner Responsibility in a Sharecropping Agreement Essay

Landowner Responsibility in a Sh becropping Agreement - Essay ExampleHowever, modern farming techniques, market forces, and variables that arise on an individualistic basis have added new dimensions to this age-old practice. Chemicals, fertilizers, pest control, and grain handling all need to be c befully considered. Who allow stand the expense Who will maintain responsibility for management decisions For the landowner, these are important questions that need to be answered and agreed upon before entering into a 50/50 agreement with a populate farmer.The primary responsibility of the landowner is to provide the land required to produce a crop. Cropsharing is used in the Midwest United States primarily for piffling grains such as corn and soybeans where the grains are rotated to maintain soil quality and reduce the threat of pests (Sadoulet, de Janvry and Fukui, 1997). In these cases, the landowner provides the land and the renter provides the necessary equipment and labor needed to plant, care for, and properly maintain the fields of grain. Along with the land that the landowner provides, it is usually assumed that the owner has the responsibility to provide the tenant with unlimited access to the land as seen necessary by the tenant.The provision of the land, and access, is only the most basic responsibility that the landowner has. ... The most common ill aired by landowners in a sharecropping arrangement is that the tenant does not involve the landowner in the ongoing process and fails to update the owner on the ongoing operation of the farm. Likewise, the major complaint from tenants is that the owner fails to involve themselves in the ongoing responsibility of making management decisions. The owner has the responsibility to himself, as swell as the tenant farmer, to be pro-active in reaching out and continuing a dialogue. It is vital that the landowner spells out the exact terms and conditions of the agreement and onset to foresee any problems or une xpected situations that may arise. The best and most binding agreements are through in writing. Although laws vary from state to state, oral agreements are usually only valid for a limited amount of time and often there is a conflict about what was originally said should a disagreement arise. Yet, with all the vulnerabilities that an oral agreement subjects the landowner to, a recent study at the University of Missouri showed that fewer than 35% of all sharecropping agreements are done in writing (Sadoulet et al., 1997). In a setting where trust has always been held in high esteem, it is sometimes awkward to initiate a written agreement. Landowners who are used to doing a deal on no more than a handshake should carefully consider all aspects of their responsibility and assure that it is fully dumb by the tenant farmer.One aspect of the agreement is the responsibility for fertilizing the crop. In todays market, some farmers believe their land is more valuable than the machinery and labor provided by the tenant and insist on a yield ratio higher than 50/50. The landowner may be tempted to shift some of the operations expenses to

BUS499-Module 1 - Case- The Financial Perspective Essay

BUS499-Module 1 - Case- The Financial Perspective - Essay ExampleIt is a service based company which offers services like merchandiseing and promotional strategies, advertising scripts and advertising production for media channels, market research as well as forecasting. It is a globally recognized brand which represents global brands like Procter & Gamble, Toyota/Lexus, endorse International, and General Mills/Pillsbury.Charles and Maurice Saatchi, two brothers, founded the eponymous organization and after that in a decade the company grew phenomenally through mergers and acquisition. This company became popular because of its effectual and creative services to the clients.From the phenomenal growth in 80s the company came to recession in the early 1990 and in 1995 the company went bankrupt. To get better competitive advantages the agencies were think with common ownership. The management of the company had decided to make changes in two areas of balanced scorecard these are cus tomer perspective and financial perspective. In equipment casualty of financial perspective, the management made the structural changes of the top hierarchy of the organization. In 1995, the joint directors i.e. the two Saatchi brothers quit this company and Bob Seelert, a senior functionary of P&G joined as a chairman of the company. Kevin Robert who was a top official of General Foods joined as CEO of in 1997 (Business-Intelligence, 2006, p.3). afterwards this reformulation in the top level, the company started de-merging and publicly announced the next three years strategies of companys comeback. Those goals were growing company revenue more than market revenue, 30% of incremental revenue converting to operating revenue, doubling the EPS of the company. These goals were well accepted by the existing shareholders and become interested to the new investors (Business-Intelligence, 2006, p.3).The new management police squad found that the different business unit of the company did not have a common goal. They did financial health check by financial likely analysis of